The Shoulder Suspension of Bipedal Humans and the Head Suspension of Quadrupedal Cats: a Reconstruction of Macroevolutionary Changes of Complex Systems Based on Natural Experiments, Comparative Anatomy, and Biomechanical Analyses of Extant Organisms
نویسندگان
چکیده
....................................................................................................................................... viii Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................................1 Chapter 2: The Evolution of the Human Shoulder Suspension Apparatus: Biometrical and Biomechanical Analyses of Right-left Asymmetries .................................................13 Chapter 3: 3D Free-Body Diagram Force Analysis of the Human Shoulder Suspension Apparatus: Using the Principles of Physics on a Real Biological System .................56 Chapter 4: The Head Suspension Apparatus of the Cat: Anatomical Analysis ............................77 Chapter 5: The Head Suspension Apparatus of the Cat: Biomechanical Analyses ......................99 Chapter 6: Conclusions ...............................................................................................................113 Appendix A: Numerical Tests of the Physics of the 2D Free-Body Force Diagram Analysis of the Human Shoulder Suspension Apparatus .........................................................122 Appendix B: Signed Agreement for Use of the Visible Human Data Set from the National Library of Medicine, Department of Health and Human Services (Copy) ...........124 Appendix C: Permission for Use of Image from Greenan (2004) ..............................................127 Appendix D: Numerical Tests of the Physics of the 3D Free-Body Force Diagram Analysis of the Human Shoulder Suspension Apparatus .........................................................129 Appendix E: Algorithm to Find the Centroid of an Attachment Site Using Mathematica .........135 Appendix F: Permission for Use of Algorithm Created by Butler .............................................143 Appendix G: Numerical Tests of the Physics of the 2D Free-Body Force Diagram Analyses of the Head Suspension Apparatus of the Cat ...........................................................144 Vita ...............................................................................................................................................146
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